PDF de programación - Guías de accesibilidad

Guías de accesibilidad

Luis Fernando Llana Díaz

Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos y Computación

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

2 de diciembre de 2008

Luis Fernando Llana Díaz

Guías de accesibilidad

W3C: The World Wide Web Consortium

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international
consortium where Member organizations, a full-time staff, and the
public work together to develop Web standards.

W3C’s mission is

To lead the World Wide Web to its full potential by
developing protocols and guidelines that ensure long-term
growth for the Web.

Luis Fernando Llana Díaz

Guías de accesibilidad

Acceso universal

“The power of the Web is in its universality. Access by
everyone regardless of disability is an essential aspect.”

Tim Berners-Lee,
W3C Director and Inventor of the World Wide Web

Luis Fernando Llana Díaz

Guías de accesibilidad

Recursos (http://www.w3.org/WAI/)

Guías de accesibilidad

Contenido WEB Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.

Herramientas de autor Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines.

Agente de usuarios (navegadores) User Agent Accessibility
Guidelines.

Además de las guías

FAQ

Técnicas

Puntos de comprobación.

Materiales de aprendizaje.

Luis Fernando Llana Díaz

Guías de accesibilidad

WCAG (http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/) I

Necesarias para algunos...
These guidelines explain how to make Web content accessible to
people with disabilities. The guidelines are intended for all Web
content developers (page authors and site designers) and for
developers of authoring tools. The primary goal of these guidelines
is to promote accessibility.

Luis Fernando Llana Díaz

Guías de accesibilidad

WCAG (http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/) II

...buenas para todos
However, following them will also make Web content more
available to all users , whatever user agent they are using (e.g.,
desktop browser, voice browser, mobile phone, automobile-based
personal computer, etc. ) or constraints they may be operating
under (e.g., noisy surroundings, under- or over-illuminated rooms,
in a hands-free environment, etc.). Following these guidelines will
also help people find information on the Web more quickly. These
guidelines do not discourage content developers from using images,
video, etc., but rather explain how to make multimedia content
more accessible to a wide audience.

Luis Fernando Llana Díaz

Guías de accesibilidad

Temas recurrentes en las guías

1 Transfomación elegante

La información se presenta de forma equivalente de forma
independiente al dispositivo, entorno de trabajo.

Separación de contenido y presentación.
Proporcionar texto.
Crear documentos que funcionen incluso si no se puede ver y/o
oir.
Crear documentos que no dependan de un hardware/software
concreto.

2 Contenido comprensible y navegable.

Luis Fernando Llana Díaz

Guías de accesibilidad

Prioridades

Los puntos de comprobación:

Prioridad I A Web content developer must satisfy this

checkpoint.

Prioridad II A Web content developer should satisfy this

checkpoint.

Prioridad III A Web content developer may address this

checkpoint.

Luis Fernando Llana Díaz

Guías de accesibilidad

Conformidad

Nivel A Se satisfacen los puntos de comprobación con

Prioridad I.

Nivel AA Se satisfacen los puntos de comprobación con

Prioridad II.

Nivel AAA Se satisfacen los puntos de comprobación con

Prioridad III.

Luis Fernando Llana Díaz

Guías de accesibilidad

Guías I

1 Provide equivalent alternatives to auditory and visual content.
2 Don’t rely on color alone.
3 Use markup and style sheets and do so properly.
4 Clarify natural language usage
5 Create tables that transform gracefully.
6 Ensure that pages featuring new technologies transform

gracefully.

7 Ensure user control of time-sensitive content changes.
8 Ensure direct accessibility of embedded user interfaces.
9 Design for device-independence.
10 Use interim solutions.
11 Use W3C technologies and guidelines.
12 Provide context and orientation information.
13 Provide clear navigation mechanisms.
14 Ensure that documents are clear and simple.

Luis Fernando Llana Díaz

Guías de accesibilidad

Validación I

Validate accessibility with automatic tools and human review.

Automated methods are generally rapid and convenient but
cannot identify all accessibility issues. Human review can help
ensure clarity of language and ease of navigation.

Luis Fernando Llana Díaz

Guías de accesibilidad

Validación II

1 Use an automated accessibility tool and browser validation

tool. Please note that software tools do not address all
accessibility issues, such as the meaningfulness of link text,
the applicability of a text equivalent, etc.

2 Validate syntax (e.g., HTML, XML, etc.).

3 Validate style sheets (e.g., CSS).

4 Use a text-only browser or emulator.
5 Use multiple graphic browsers, with:

sounds and graphics loaded,
graphics not loaded,
sounds not loaded,
no mouse,
frames, scripts, style sheets, and applets not loaded

6 Use several browsers, old and new.

7 Use a self-voicing browser, a screen reader, magnification

software, a small display, etc.

Luis Fernando Llana Díaz

Guías de accesibilidad

Validación III

8 Use spell and grammar checkers. A person reading a page
with a speech synthesizer may not be able to decipher the
synthesizer’s best guess for a word with a spelling error.
Eliminating grammar problems increases comprehension.

9 Review the document for clarity and simplicity. Readability
statistics, such as those generated by some word processors
may be useful indicators of clarity and simplicity. Better still,
ask an experienced (human) editor to review written content
for clarity. Editors can also improve the usability of documents
by identifying potentially sensitive cultural issues that might
arise due to language or icon usage.

10

Invite people with disabilities to review documents. Expert and
novice users with disabilities will provide valuable feedback
about accessibility or usability problems and their severity.

Luis Fernando Llana Díaz

Guías de accesibilidad